Introduction to Energy Storage Battery PCBA Management System

                            Introduction to Energy Storage Battery PCBA Management System

1. Detailed technical plan

The battery energy storage system consists of an energy storage battery, a master controller unit (BAMS), a single battery management unit (BMU), and a battery pack control and management unit (BCMU).

2. Internal communication of the energy storage PCBA  system

2.1 Communication between energy storage BMS and EMS

BAMS uses a 7-inch display to display the relevant information of the entire PCS battery pack unit, and transmits the relevant information to the monitoring system EMS through Ethernet (RJ45). The information content includes battery cell information, battery pack information, and battery cluster information.

Upload information: BMS uploads battery cell (or group) information including: cell voltage, battery pack voltage, charge and discharge current, cell maximum SOC, cell minimum SOC, cell minimum SOH; battery pack SOC, cell maximum temperature, minimum cell temperature, ambient temperature, and related information such as battery abnormality alarms and protections.

Receiving information: BMS receives the battery operating parameters issued by the monitoring system EMS, such as voltage protection setting value, alarm setting value, temperature protection setting value, alarm setting value, SOC protection setting value, alarm setting value wait.

BAMS management server supports MODBUS communication protocol, in which MODBUS needs to define a special protocol point table; the communication interface is network RJ45 communication.

2.2 Communication between energy storage BMS and PCS

Since the PCS is only connected to multiple sets of batteries, the data of the BMS is aggregated to the BAMS, and then the BAMS communicates with the PCS for one-way transmission. The BAMS is the master and the PCS is the slave.

Information sent by BMS: The information sent by BMS includes related information such as battery state quantity and alarm quantity. Including the maximum SOC of the battery pack, the minimum SOC, the maximum chargeable capacity of the battery pack, the maximum dischargeable capacity of the battery pack, the ambient temperature, the minimum SOH of the battery, etc. PCS should take corresponding protection actions after receiving BMS alarm information.

Communication interface: CAN or RS485 communication interface is used between PCS and BMS.

Hard node information: For timely and reliable protection, the energy storage system has reserved hard nodes. When the BMS detects that the battery system has reached the protection limit, the BMS sends the protection limit value to the PCS through the dry node.

2.3 Internal communication of energy storage BMS three-tier architecture

The three-layer architecture of the BMS system is the single battery management BMU, the battery pack management BCMU, and the battery cluster (multi-group) management BAMS; among them, the battery cluster management is also called a PCS battery unit management.

Figure 1 Internal communication diagram of energy storage BMS three-tier architecture

The single battery management layer is called BMU, which has 1 CAN2.0 bus. Composed of a battery acquisition unit BCU and a battery equalization unit BEU, it collects various cell information (voltage, temperature) of the battery, calculates and analyzes the SOC and SOH of the battery, realizes active balancing of the cell, and uploads the abnormal information of the cell For the battery pack unit layer BCMU; externally adopts CAN2.0 bus communication mode.

The management team of the battery pack is called BCMU, which has 3 CAN2.0 buses and 2 RS485 (standby) buses. Responsible for collecting various single battery information uploaded by the BMU, collecting various information of the battery pack (pack voltage, pack temperature), battery pack charging and discharging current, etc., calculating and analyzing the SOC and SOH of the battery pack, and uploading all information to the battery Cluster unit layer BAMS; CAN2.0 bus communication mode is adopted.

The management layer of the battery cluster is called BAMS, which has 1 Ethernet, 2 CAN2.0 buses and 1 RS485 (standby) bus. Responsible for collecting various battery information uploaded by BCMU, and uploading all information to the energy storage monitoring EMS system through the RJ45 interface; communicating with the PCS, sending the relevant abnormal information of the battery to the PCS (CAN or RS485 interface), and equipped with hardware dry Node to PCS.

2.4 Equalization function of BMS system

The BMS of the battery energy storage system should focus on two aspects, one is the data analysis and calculation of the battery, and the other is the balance of the battery. The battery management system provided by the energy storage power station has a two-way active non-destructive equalization function, with a maximum equalization current of 5A and an equalization efficiency of over 80%. The consistency of the battery pack improves the efficiency and service life of the battery pack and ensures the normal operation of the entire energy storage system.

Single battery balancing unit:

Due to the production process and other reasons of the single battery, the capacity and performance of each battery are different. In the process of charging and discharging the battery pack, this difference will inevitably be enlarged. When charging, the battery with small capacity and poor performance will be overcharged; When discharging, the battery with small capacity and poor performance will be over-discharged; the capacity utilization rate of the battery pack will be lower and lower. If things go on like this, this vicious cycle process will accelerate the damage of the battery. Therefore, it is the consensus of scholars and industries at home and abroad that power and energy storage battery packs need to use a balancing circuit to prolong the life of the battery pack.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of battery balancing function implementation

The balance system of the battery monitoring module mainly includes four steps: battery information collection→balance rule calculation→balance state output→balance realization.

2.5 Three-level architecture module and installation introduction of energy storage BMS system

2.5.1 Energy storage system management unit BAMS

BAMS is a platform built by a high-performance 32-bit MCU processor, embedded with a Linux operating system, and comes with a 7-inch TFT touch LCD display. It can upload the data of the lithium battery energy storage system to the background management in real time, and can accept background monitoring; independent research and development , support function expansion and customized services, BAMS and microgrid central control system use Ethernet ModbusTCP/IP as the communication method, and PCS communication interface as RS-485, the protocol method uses Modbus; Real-time monitoring and data management of the energy system to achieve remote measurement, remote signaling, and remote control, so that the energy storage system can be maintained in a timely manner, ensure the safe operation of the energy storage system, and improve the reliability of the power supply system.

Figure 3 interface

BAMS performs real-time display, data calculation, performance analysis, alarm protection and other processing through the real-time battery data uploaded by BCMU, and realizes linkage control with PCS and energy storage monitoring background system (EMS). According to the output power requirements and the SOC of each battery group Optimize the load control strategy to ensure the optimization of all battery packs.

The main controller of the energy system monitors the voltage of the single battery, the terminal voltage of the battery group, the charging and discharging current and the temperature online, and according to the SOC, voltage, temperature, battery voltage, temperature, charging and discharging of each single battery uploaded by the BCMU Current and various abnormal alarm information are displayed. Real-time monitoring and data management of the lithium battery energy storage system can be carried out through the remote server via the Ethernet to realize telemetry, remote signaling, and remote control, so that the energy storage system can be maintained in time to ensure the safe operation and reliability of the energy storage system; reserved The dry node communicates with the PCS to ensure that the battery system communicates with the PCS under abnormal conditions.